The Undergroundlogician asked the following question re: 'Sola Scriptura' on my last post:
I'm looking for some topnotch questions that will stop them [anti-Catholic evangelicals] in their tracks.
I started a new thread so it would be on topic. Oh what fun for a wanna be Catholic apologist like me! Underground, let me just say if you've read Keating, Armstrong & Sungenis I'm not very confident that I could add much if anything to their work.
So the question is how do you stump someone who believes in sola scriptura? The easy answer is: you don't. There is not going to be any question that they don't have a ready made response for.
Catholic: The Bible can't be the only authority since it is a literal impossibility - a self referential paradox.
Protestant: I didn't say it was the only authority, just the only
infallible authority.
Catholic: How did you find that out since even the authors of the Bible knew no such thing? (Ot at least they didn't mention it)
Protestant: Oh but they did. Second Timothy 3:16 says that 'All Scripture is God breathed'
Catholic: How do you know for certain what Scripture is without another source of authority?
Protestant: The Scriptures are self evident - written by an apostle or the disciple of an apostle.
Catholic: Even if I grant you that Scripture is self evident (pretending I know absolutely nothing about Church history) the verse says all Scripture is God breathed. Catholics agree. The verse does not say 'Only Scripture is infallible'.
I'm not really sure what their response is at this point. But it doesn't really matter, I'm sure you've heard all this before. It boils down to this, to anyone whom it is not already plainly obvious that sola scriptura is as wrong as it could be, I don't know of any way to make them understand. Even though all of those Catholic arguments are, by themselves, strong enough to defeat the doctrine, people still insist on trying to find some crazy loophole to make their way of life - not be wrong. It's human nature - especially when it comes to religion.
Back to the last question - this is simply a question of logic.
Given that all A is B, can C be B? So far as the rules are laid out, sure it can. Just because A is B doesn't mean C can't also be B. Protestants conclude that since A is B then C cannot be B. It's a logical fallacy in it's most basic form. But the thing is, if you have to explain that to someone... they're obviously still not going to get it. It's like arguing whether the vehicle parked out front is a car or a giraffe. If we don't instantly come to the same conclusion as to what that thing is, then there is a serious deficiency going on somewhere else and we're not going to come to a conclusion. I can't say, "look at the steering wheel!! Look at the wheels!! How can you say that is a giraffe?!" That won't work. If the person were capable of detecting those (what should be) obvious clues, they wouldn't have called it a giraffe in the first place.
Same thing with sola scriptura... It's very difficult to express the concepts of why sola scriptura to someone to whom they're not already extremely obvious. At least, that's been my experience.
Now here's the funny thing; not only do Catholics believe that All Scripture is God breathed ---- but we believe that ONLY Scripture is God breathed! We believe that Scripture is uniquely inspired in that it is God's very wording... God's breath. Tradition obviously isn't God breathed because there aren't exact wordings to the teachings of sacred tradition... Even when the Pope speaks ex-cathedra his words aren't God-breathed in the same way that Scripture is. They ARE infallible though - i.e. the Holy Spirit is keeping him from error.
The Holy Spirit also kept the Church from error - that is why Sacred tradition is infallible - because God would not let His Church apostatize.
If God DID only keep the Bible from error, and let other things (like His bride, and the entirety of Christianity for 1500 years) slip in to error, we'd certainly have no way of knowing. Since anyone who claimed "only the bible is infallible" could themselves by their own statement be wrong (and of course they are).
It's very hard for me to understand where Protestants are coming from on this issue because as soon as the question even entered my mind - 'where did the Bible come from?', I knew instantly that something was seriously wrong with the way I was taught even though it took me about 10 years to find out just what it was.
Now this issue of authority, Protestants say they believe in 'church authority' but just not infallible authority. Again we run into the same issue and its very cumbersome to explain the details of why anyone should recognize this statement as utterly false right at the get go...but I'll try.
First, Church authority condemned sola scriptura as soon as Martin Luther invented it - so right there, anyone who actually does believe in any kind of Church authority - fallible or not - would have to reject sola scriptura.
But we have two options at this point (and both of which are fundamental Protestant principles)
1. Claim the Church (in so far as whatever authority it has) has erred on this point (being that it is not infallible as Scripture alone is)
2. Redefine what 'Church' is (pretty soon we need to re-define what "is" is. Oh and by the way the Protestant who coined that clever loophole is in the process of redefining what 'church' is .... again.
Now if the Bible said "A is B" and the Church said "A is not B".... maybe we would have the slightest (and I do mean slightest) justification for entertaining the question that the Church was wrong and our private interpretation of Scripture (aided by the Holy Spirit and interpreted by other Scripture yada yada yada fill in the blank) was correct. But that's not even close to what we have so we needn't go down that road. What we have is the Bible saying "All A is B" and an individual (Luther, Calvin whoever) saying "therefore only A is C and since the Church says A, D & E are C, the Church is wrong and I am right" whereas the logic is simply not even on an elementary level.
Clearly, the question isn't whether the Church's authority is infallible here, it's who has the authority to interpret the Scriptures - me or the Church? My argument lacks some explanation... But this is already getting very tedious and ... I just can't spell out every small detail. Pretty soon I'll have to define every word that I write. On to the next step:
The next step is to redefine what 'Church' is. Let's make that C lower case... Since the Church teaches (and always has) a certain thing, the reformers decided to say "the Church isn't really the Church at all" and redefined it as the invisible body of all true believers everywhere. As comfortable as a thought as this may seem to me or you (however mistaken it is) we should keep in mind that this would be completely foreign to pre-reformation ears.
I think there is a sense in which this belief has merit to it. But to say that "the Church" is anything other than the (visibly) one, holy, Catholic (as opposed to Arian, Montanist, Donatist etc..) and apostolic Church is something that makes sense only to post-reformation Christians. (That doesn't make it wrong, just highly suspect to begin with).
But what I find interesting about this redefinition of 'Church' are its surprising parallels with Jesus' redefinition of Israel. The Protestants seem to have re-enacted the parable of the vineyard. In their mind, the Catholic Church had become the wicked tenants, and the Protestants were those to whom the vineyard had been given to once God's judgment was visited upon the ruling regime. Now, this concept deserves its own post (and it will get one) so I don't want to chase this rabbit too far, let's just leave it at this - Jesus was God and was vindicated (destruction of the temple in 70 AD) - Luther was a man and had the opposite of vindication, his heresy splintered into 33,000 (and counting) sects with significant variances in doctrine. Luther's doctrinal errors have been soundly refuted many times over - Jesus' words still stand. Etc.. Etc.. Like I said, I will post again on why this re-definition of 'Church' fails in several regards.
I didn't go into the 'Korban' rule - (the account where Jesus condemns the traditions of the Pharisees because they contradict Scripture) which is the only other passage that Protestants can really use in defense of sola scriptura... but
here's James Akin's post on it.
I also didn't go into various Scriptures that point to other authoritative sources but an argument can be made from that angle as well.
I prefer Keating's method of "let's first agree that sola scriptura doesn't work as a doctrine... then we can look at what the Scriptures and the Church actually teach on the subject of authority"
Ok so to conclude, here are my basic points against sola scriptura
1. The bible does not reference itself (it can't since it was compiled hundreds of years after the last book was written)
2. Therefore the bible cannot possibly ever say that the bible is the only authority even if in a prophecy it would make little sense - "And I shall compile this and 72 errr 65 other books into one book and ye shall test everything by this collection of Holy Scriptures which alone shall be called infallible. Question ye not that it was compiled by ordinary men for their so called "Church" shall falleth by the wayside into apostasy shortly after they compileth it. But lo, I shall send a new hero like them of old. A man filled with the Holy Spirit. They shall call him Luther. He will correct all the errors of thy ways.. for a short while.. And then he too shall erreth on many things so I shall send another named Calvin... And he shall teach many.. But I will send more and more until enough schism reveals the truth. Then you shall know my true Church."
(Eh sorry I started having too much fun with that one)
3. "Scripture" is only known by the authority of the Church
a. Forget the "infallible authority" argument for a second, the Church - if it has ANY authority has unambiguously condemned sola scriptura..
b. You can't simply redefine what "church" is in order to weasel out of her authority.
4. Scripture without the Church is a fish out of water - it simply doesn't work.
Hope this made some sense...